Welcome to Equal Temperament School

The Time Template Method

A Modern Approach to Piano Tuning

"Of course the point is that the tuner ought not to trust guess work but should try to know when he hears a beat-rate what it really is."

- William Braid White, Founding member of the Piano Technician's Guild and author of Modern Piano Tuning and the Allied Arts

Beats are a precisely defined feature of any tempered piano tuning, and the metronome has been available for over a century. Indeed, William Braid White stressed the importance of counting beats and suggested the use of a metronome over 100 years ago in his 1917 book "Modern Piano Tuning and the Allied Arts". He rightly pointed out that counting beats is the most accurate way to tune a piano. However, to this day, the process of precisely calculating beats is largely passed over without much thought, and the metronome is universally ignored as an instrument relevant to tuning. Instead, piano tuners aim blindfolded at what should be a clear goal and rely on subjective guesswork and rules-of-thumb for measuring if that goal is ever reached.

Yet, within the beats generated by the frequencies of each tempered interval lies the key for accuracy and consistency. Absent a metronome there is no way to truly leverage these beats. Tuning without a metronome is, in fact, like cutting lumber without a tape measure.

The Time Template Method revolves around the measurement of beats with a metronome or against other sets of beats generated by intervals. Equal Temperament School was created to provide resources and instruction for using this modern method so that it can be practiced by anyone and widely adopted.

 

 

Introduction to the Time Template Method

These introduction videos will explain the theory behind the method as well as prepare you for further study and practice. This first step is easy; however, developing the skill to synchronize beats with a metronome will take serious practice.

References and Further Study

Videos

The harmonic series is essential to all music theory and particularly relevant to the Time Template Method.

Provides a quick overview of temperament and why it is needed.

Compares Just Intonation (which is pure harmonics) with Equal Temperament.

A good explanation of why it is so hard to tune pianos. But, as we have shown, it is not impossible if you use a metronome and leverage interval relationships!

A deeper dive into the concept of interference in physics. Interference is what causes "beats".

Books

A historical account of how temperaments and tuning have evolved.

Although equal temperament has been universally adopted, it is still a compromise with pros and cons. This book focuses more on the cons, but also offers deeper insight into when and why equal temperament might be a good choice as well.

Websites

If aliens exist, would they also use a 12 note scale? This article makes a compelling argument that the answer is yes.

Johann Scheibler was using metronomes and tuning forks as far back as the late 19th century. By striking a tuning fork and counting the beats it creates with some other unknown pitch, the frequency of the unknown pitch can be calculated. It was by Scheibler's recommendation that 440 Hz was first adopted by the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors as the standard pitch for A.

William Braid White's classic work has outlived its copyright and is available for free at archive.org. Page 84 through 89 lay out what he calls The "Beat" System. Interestingly, at the time of this writing in 1917, A = 440 Hz had not been adopted as the international standard (it would be officially adopted until 1955) . Instead, A = 435hz was the standard in the U.S. and France (page 76). However, his system is fundamentally equivalent to what we now call the Time Template Method.

Applications

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StepLadder

The 12 tone equal temperament (12TET) is the most common tuning system within Western music. It places all keys on an equal footing, balancing the temperament of the intervals evenly and opening the piano to the widest possible range of chromatic and polyphonic expression. It’s adoption has been nearly universal, essentially making it the default tempered tuning system. To achieve the proper foundation for equal temperament, one must leverage at least 22 unique beat rates. This is a tedious process on a conventional metronome, especially in a professional setting with practical time constraints. It also represents a significant disruption to concentration in a process where intense concentration is key.

The StepLadder application provides a pre-calibrated metronome with an intuitive interface that facilitates quick and seamless transitions between the required beat rates.

time_template_app

TimeTemplate

The Time Template application provides a set of exercises based around the ratios of the harmonic series and designed to heighten one’s rhythmic awareness to achieve maximum competency as a professional piano technician. It also poses a set of challenges to the professional musician that can be mind-opening and rewarding as a practice in themselves.

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